Behavior Observation Report

Cody, my nine-year old cousin, was observed during a period of interaction with his 42-year old mother and some of his peers who are generally at the same age as he is. The observation was conducted at their home during the free time of the boy in the afternoon. Observation Cody was playing along with his peers and sharing his Playstation 2 console with the group. A moment came when Cody was directly playing against one of his peers, then his mother suddenly called him and instructed him to go to the kitchen in an agitated tone. Cody seemed really annoyed for a while but eventually came to his mother to listen to what she had to say.Cody asked for what reason he was called for. His mother suddenly became quite agitated while pointing to some dirty clothes lying on the floor. His mother then shouted at him, â€Å"What’s wrong with you? All you do when you get to play with your friends is forget about how to do things properly. Why did you change your clothes and leave them at places where they should not be found? Clean up your mess now! † Cody obliged although evidently angry as seen through his facial expression. After hastily completing the task, he went back to his friends and continued the game.After a few minutes, his mother came to their play area and immediately shouted, â€Å"What is this mess all about? I spend every morning tidying up this place and you and your friend constantly ruin the arrangements and make everything so dirty. Clean this place this instant! † Cody was infuriated at that point and shouted â€Å"shut up! † while cleaning the place when his mother finally left the place. Upon hearing the voice of his mother, I observed that his mood changes from relatively friendly to an irritated one. Expectedly, his mother called him again. Cody was obviously murmuring â€Å"shut up!† over and over as he went towards his mother. Incidentally, upon seeing Cody, his mother said, â€Å"Would you like some snacks? â €  Cody just nodded, apparently still showing quite an angry face and mood. He got the chocolate bar and went back to watching television. Another similar scenario occurred, wherein he was irritated by the call of his mother even though she just offered him some juice. Observer Response In the context of classical conditioning (CC), a primary or unconditioned stimuli (US) and the secondary or conditioned stimuli (CS) are both defined as vital parts of the learning process.In relation to these, the conditional response (CR) and unconditional response (UR) are of course also present. The primary or unconditioned stimulus is the events of scolding of his mother. The unconditional response, as a result, is the hostility and anger that Cody expresses during these scolding events. Due to the fact that such events occur at quite an often interval, Cody was observed to exhibit the same reactions towards his mother that he expresses during scolding events, even if such events are not yet occurring.For instance, hostility and anger are exhibited even at times when Cody simply hears the voice of his mother. Thus, the secondary or conditioned stimulus is the voice of his mother. Although definitely related to the events wherein he is reprimanded, it does not necessarily mean that each time his mother calls him, he would get yelled at. This is well understood during the events wherein even though his mother did not reprimand him, upon hearing her voice, Cody entered quite an aggressive state. It is also worthy to note that even though Cody accepted both offers of refreshments, he never shifted to a more pleasant outlook.The presence of a consistent expression of irritation upon hearing his mother’s voice regardless of reason has become a conditional response in this case. Since the response, which involves signs of anger and related emotions, is exhibited regardless of the unconditional stimuli, which are basically the scolding events, it can then be inferred tha t CC occurred. Also, it is important to keep in mind that the neutral stimulus, his mother’s voice, has completely become the CS, which further proves the presence of CC.Opinion CC, otherwise known as Pavlovian conditioning, is considered to be one of the pioneer concepts of learning. Currently however, it has definitely lost much of its appeal upon the conceptualization of operant conditioning, which serves a more common role and purpose in society as it is seen to be more applicable in general. Usually viewed for its applications on animals, CC was actually developed from experiments using a dog; thus, the way of thinking regarding CC is rather understandable.The real reason as to why it is considered more for training animals is that animals commonly have a noncomplex method of thinking. This suggests that due to the complex ability and capability of human reasoning, CC is not that effective. Even with the points stated, it is still undeniable that humans are capable of be ing affected with CC. As with the observed trend in the emotional state of Cody, by simply hearing the voice of his mother, it seems that CC occurs at more common scenarios than usually thought.Although there is a possibility for Cody to think about the fact that hearing his mothers voice does not always result in negative scenarios, his frequent exposure to such seems to have caused him to react to it in a fixed manner. Therefore, even though mainly associated with zoological applications as stated, the CC theory still holds true even for humans for certain cases and is probably manifested through various emotional responses in more common ways than usually considered.

Their Eyes Were Watching God †Rebirth of Transcendentalism Essay

A century elapsed between the period of transcendentalism and the publication of Zora Neale Hurston’s novel, Their Eyes Were Watching God. During this time, the philosophies of Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau faded as the post-war era of social realism began to dominate American culture and American literature. Thus, Their Eyes, published in 1937, was scorned and criticized by many for not being â€Å"political or serious† enough. It was not until twenty years after Hurston’s death that people began to appreciate Hurston’s works, especially Their Eyes, as important literatures in the African American and the American feminist movements. With further analysis, although Their Eyes is a modern novel, it actually takes the readers back to the period of Thoreau and Emerson; Their Eyes Were Watching God possesses elements of transcendentalism – self-reliance, nonconformity, and the over-soul – as supported by the essays of transcendentalist thinkers. To begin, a fundamental idea of transcendentalism is self-reliance, which stresses a person’s own judgment and intuition. Janie, the protagonist of Their Eyes, shows self-reliance when she uses her own judgments for the struggles she faces. For example, as she realizes that her marriage with Jody is tumbling down, â€Å"she saw that it never was the flesh and blood figure of her dreams. Just something she had grabbed up to drape her dreams over. [†¦] She had an inside and an outside now and suddenly she knew how not to mix them† (Hurston, 72). Janie knows her goals and desires, both are which shattered by Jody, so she must now distinguish the difference between the lies and the truth of her dream. Together with courage, her intuition gives her the strength to speak up to Jody on his death bed. Moreover, when she finally finds the love of her life, she feels â€Å"a self-crushing love, [allowing] her soul [to] crawl from its hiding place† (Hurston, 128). She doesn’t hide her feelings but goes to pursue her lover, Tea Cake. She is strong-will and has control over her feelings and thoughts. Even Tea Cake encourages Janie to use her own mind, â€Å"‘Nobody else on earth kin hold uh candle tuh you, baby. You got de keys to de kingdom’† (Hurston, 109). As Emerson would say that Janie possesses transcendentalist ideals because, â€Å"[She has the] integrity of [her] own mind [†¦] What [she] must do is all that concerns [her], not what the people think† (Emerson, 80). Her past experiences and her present judgments lead Janie to maker her own path in the future. Only when Janie relies on herself and holds her â€Å"keys to de kingdom† does she find her happiness and reach her dream. Furthermore, another element of transcendentalism is nonconformity, or individualism, which stresses the importance of finding one’s identity instead of giving in to society. Emerson explains nonconformity as â€Å"the great man who in the midst of the crowd keeps with perfect sweetness the independence of solitude (Emerson 80). Janie shows exactly this on the day she arrives back in Eatonville. Dressed in her blue satin dress, she confidently walks past the women and men, ignoring their hurtful gossips and leaving them in awe. Despite her solitude due to Tea Cake’s death, Janie welcomes her independence; she is perfectly at ease with herself. Moreover, Thoreau also writes about nonconformity; he writes, â€Å"The only obligation which I have a right to assume is to do at any time what I think right [†¦] They only can force me who obey a higher law than I† (Thoreau, 104). Janie shares Thoreau’s attitude when she stands up to both of her late husbands and declares what she believes is right. Logan tells her that she doesn’t belong anywhere but â€Å"‘It’s wherever Ah need yuh’† (Hurston, 31). This is probably the worst thing he can say to his newlywed; it’s hurtful, disparaging, and disrespectful. However, unlike all the other women, such as Nanny, during the time, Janie stands up for herself by yelling back at his wrongs so she can gain back her independence and dignity. As for Jody – a husband who makes her tie her hair back, denies her of speech and social interaction, and abuses her – Janie finally takes up the courage to tell the truth at his deathbed. â€Å"‘All dis bowin’ down, all dis obedience under yo’ voice—dat ain’t whut Ah rushed off down de road tuh find out about you’† (Hurston, 86). Jody has crushed her hopes and dreams and her image of love, and she’s not about to let him forget that. She would not obey; she has no obligation to obey. After Jody’s death, Janie is finally free. Even more, she feels no remorse and she doesn’t mourn because the lost of her husband gives her back her individuality. Last but not least, the over-soul is another focal point of transcendentalism; it connects God, Nature, and Man. Emerson writes in his essay, Over-soul, â€Å"We live in succession, in division, in parts, in particles. Meantime within man is the soul of the whole; the wise silence; the universal beauty, to which every part and particle is equally related; the eternal One† (Emerson, Over-soul). This over-soul connects the broken pieces of the universe together. Hurston’s Their Eyes contains many details that support the over-soul. For instance, in the beginning Janie â€Å"saw a dust-bearing bee sink into the sanctum of a bloom; the thousand sister-calyxes arch to meet the love embrace and the ecstatic shiver of the tree form root to tiniest branch creaming in every blossom and frothing with delight† (Hurston, 11). This imagery of the bee and the flower symbolizes Janie’s dream. The bee and the flower coexisted in harmony, just like what Janie hopes her marriage will be. This is Janie’s innocent soul as depicted by nature. Later on however, as she’s forced into marrying a man she doesn’t love, she begins to know â€Å"the words of the trees and the wind. She often spoke to falling seeds and said, ‘Ah hope you fall on soft ground’ [†¦] Janie’s first dream was dead, so she became a woman† (Hurston 25). As she begins to mature more, she also begins to understand the sound of nature. Nature and Janie’s souls appear to be one, united and growing together. She talks to the seeds, warning them, sympathizing with them of a world that can be disappointing and unfair. Finally, after she shoots her beloved Tea Cake in order to protect herself, Hurston writes that Janie â€Å"pulled in her horizon like a great fish-net. Pulled it from around the waist of the world and draped it over her shoulder. So much of life in its meshes! She called in her soul to come and see† (Hurston, 193). Although it was a tragic and sudden death, Janie is in peace. The love of Tea Cake will not be forgotten because he will always be with her. Janie now understands the mysteries of nature and her world; she is ready for whatever that may come. Janie has learned and grown, most importantly, she has found her soul. All in all, a century later, Their Eyes Were Watching God leads to the rebirth of transcendentalist ideas, including but not limited to self-reliance, nonconformity, and the over-soul. Throughout her journey, Janie begins to identify herself as a self-reliant individual with a soul, all of which are transcendental characteristics. In the mid 1900s, because of the on going civil rights movements, an African American woman is the least expected person to posses all these traits. Even so, Janie Crawford becomes a prominent literature figure that gives people hopes and dreams, while fulfilling those of Emerson and Thoreau. Bibliography Emerson, Ralph Waldo. â€Å"From Self-Reliance. † The InterActive Reader Plus. Illinoise: McDougal Littell, 2003. 78-83. Print. Ferguson, Craig. â€Å"Ralph Waldo Emerson – â€Å"Within Man Is the Soul of the Whole; the Wise Silence; the Universal Beauty†Ã¢â‚¬  Transcendental MeditationBlog. N. p. , 27 Mar. 2010. Web. 05 Aug. 2013. . Hurston, Zora Neale. Their Eyes Were Watching God: A Novel. New York: Perennial Library, 1990. Print. Thoreau, Hentry David. â€Å"From Civil Disobedience. † The InterActive Reader Plus. Illinoise: McDougal Littell, 2003. 90-105. Print.

Detection of Oil Spillage in the Sea Research Paper

Detection of Oil Spillage in the Sea - Research Paper Example The images were taken during the Prestige oil spill that happened in Spanish coast. Geographical Information System (GIS) database was used in the integration of the images to study the spatial distribution, slick progression and the results compared to field observations. From the results acquired, a relationship is developed between the use of radar imagery and other available options like wind data and in situ interpretations. Integration of these techniques produces efficient ways of monitoring and forecast oil spills in the oceans. Key words Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR), oil spillage, Geographical Information System (GIS), and oil slick. Introduction Oil spillage in the sea or oceans serves as a main source of water pollution and environmental degradation. Most leakages result from ships ferrying oil to various destinations across the world. Storms in the sea cause ship wreckages that lead to oil spillage. Monitoring of such incidences before extensive damage is made is essential. The case study for this project is an oil tanker, Prestige that was damaged in a storm in the coast of Spain. Though it had a capacity of 77000 tons of heavy fuel, after the damage, there was an immediate loss of 5000 tons. Over 190kms of the coast was contaminated with the oil within a period of three days. After a few days, the ship broke and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean. During the incident,3000tons were lost as spillage as other 6000tons as it sunk. Oil spread 270km along the south/south west of the cape of Finisterra. Satellite images have been provided by the European Space Agency daily since the accident occurred. The Envisat space craft and European Remote Sensing (ERS) revealed the leakage, raising an alarm in salvaging process of the sea (Palanzuela, Gonzalez, & Cuadrado 2006). The data retrieved from radar was of great use in oil spillage detection because it covers a wide area. Radar also assists in taking images at all times. This makes it useful in detecti ng and clean up operations of oil spills. The mode of technology used in the project was Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR). The images retrieved from the radar were very critical in detecting oil spills from the Prestige tanker. The images were integrated by the Geographical Information System (GIS) database that revealed further information about the spillage. The area covered by oil spill, its quantity and spatial distribution in the area within the oil spillage period was traced. Observations made in the field and the condition of wind during the incident could be retrieved. Oil Slick Detection The area affected lies in the north-west coast of Spain on Atlantic Ocean. The coast line covers the Cape of Finisterre to the mouth of Mino River. The marine biodiversity in the area is rich, with a blend of vertical water and column layers. The rich cold water provides nutrients that support pelagic and demersal fisheries. A rich mussel raft culture is also maintained. The fishing industry, mussel culture creates employment to the natives. Beaches, resorts and ecological important areas offer good grounds for national parks. The spillage that occurred became a threat to these areas. ASAR scenes retrieved through wide-swath mode by ScanSAR technique showed that the area affected was greater than 400kms. Several organizations took part in field survey. The data

Gloagburn Farm Shop And Coffee Shop Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Gloagburn Farm Shop And Coffee Shop - Essay Example The restaurant also offers take away and picnic arrangements. Though the firm had previously won several awards in various categories, with the rising competition its future doesn’t seem very promising (PKC government, 2012). A situational analysis has been conducted using SWOT and Porter’s five-force analysis to assess its present situation and its future progress. 1.SWOT ANALYSIS 1.1Strengths 1.1.1 Products Gloagburn has a nice breakfast and lunch offering with options like porridge, eggs, bacon brunch and various coffee options. For lunch they offer fresh soup, sandwiches, baked potatoes and fresh bread etc. they also have a wide dessert variety like fruit crumbles, pies, cakes scones and different tarts to name a few. Such an offering is appreciated by the customers as the products a farm fresh that make all the difference (Gloagburn, 2012). The restaurant has also won Scottish Food and Drink Excellence Award 2009 and many other awards in 2004 (PKC government, 2012) . 1.1.2.Restaurant environment The main strength of the coffee shop is its location and its environment of a farmhouse. Customers get a feel of the countryside, which is its main competitive edge. Away from the hustle of city life the serenity and the friendliness of the place is what attracts the customers (Gloagburn, 2012). ... 1.1.4 Ingredients The ingredients are another factor that give the SME its competitive edge over the competition. This is because not every restaurant can boast to have in-grown ingredients like turnips, potatoes, fresh meat etc. 1.1.5 Low cost of production 1. 2 Weakness 1.2.1 The service The services was commendable when the restaurant was smaller, however, with the expansion by increasing the seating area outdoors also, the service is not as sufficient as before. This is because every order is prepared from scratch, which is good however, the wait for meal to arrive is long and the customers have to wait for a long time. The restaurant was fine with a smaller setup however; there are issues especially in terms of services when the restaurant increased on the size. There were some complaints regarding the attitude of the waiters towards the customers, which could in turn be bad for the customer flow and ultimately have a bad impact on the restaurant reputation. 1.2.2. Self-supplier s This is though considered a strength but it is also a weakness. This is because the supplies quantity is limited and thus there is only a certain amount that the restaurant can produce. After this limit is exhausted, more supplies cannot be obtained and thus this limits the expansion of the restaurant. Moreover, if on a particular day, the customers’ demand exceeds the farm’s capacity to produce, the customers will be disappointed. On the other hand, if a commercial restaurant is considered that outsources its supplies, it may not face this problem as it may over stock or under stock depending on the demand predictability (Gloagburn, 2012). 1.2.3 Losses in terms of decayed products. The restaurant may also

Reseach Method Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Reseach Method - Essay Example The abstract provides a clear idea about two important factors whether the research addressed the question of interest and whether it studied individuals or situations are relevant. Aside from giving information about the purpose of the study, it also includes who was included in the study as well as an overview of the findings and the implications of the findings to practice. The findings confirm that Eastern and Western cultures emphasize different influence styles. This is a confirmation of a previous research finding. The findings also indicate that life stage is as important as culture, and possibly more important than culture, in explaining the ethical perceptions of upward influence behavior. This involves the new discoveries or concepts from the research. The abstract is found on the first page of the research. It has the findings which provide the summary of the key components of the research. The abstract provides a short summary of the study. It includes the aim of the study, outline of the methodology and the main findings. The purpose of the abstract is to allow the readers to decide if the study is of interest to them The introduction section of the research paper describes the gap in knowledge that is addressed by the research study. In this section of the report, the researcher explains why the research was needed, why the study was carried out in the manner that it was and what the researcher is specifically asking or predicting. As the business world evolves from a nation-state focus to a global focus, managers who are proficient at understanding cultural differences should be more effective in exercising influence in culturally mixed situations. Research on how culture affects individuals' choices of upward influence strategies has been limited. This study provides a first step in the investigation of the interaction of age and culture on the upward influence ethics of managers. The primary goal of this study is to ascertain the interrelationship between life stage (age) and culture on the influence strategies employed by managers in order to identify compatibilities (or incompatibilities) in influence styles among age-culture groups. Review of related Literature (Beasley, 2003) This is a focused summary of what has already been published regarding the question or problem for which there is a gap in knowledge. The literature of the research article gives the readers' a picture of what is already known or has already been studied in relation to the problem and identifies where the gaps in knowledge may be. The literature review does not necessarily only include published research studies. It also may include published reports about issues related to practice or a description of a theory. A theory is a written description of how several factors may relate to and affect one each other. The factors described in a theory are usually abstract: that cannot be readily observed and immediately defined and recognized by everyone. The research report discusses a theory in its introduction section, the study tests and further explains the relationships proposed in that theory. The meta-category perspective is used in the research report. It is expected that the study will be based on this, and that is to examine some aspect of life events and perceptions affect the variables in the research. The

Critical discussion of the roles and responsibilities of the newly Essay

Critical discussion of the roles and responsibilities of the newly qualified nurse including Patient Group Directions and its ap - Essay Example This discussion will essentially focus on the role of a newly qualified nurse in regard to delegation of responsibilities, and Patient Group Direction (PGD). Delegation in essence is the ability to pass to a willing and available second party the authority and responsibility to undertake a given task. As defined by the NPC, Patient Group Direction refers to administration or supply of licensed medicine in definite medical situations certified by a pharmacist, doctor or dentist. The essence of this study is to explore the connotations, significance and implications of these responsibilities of nurses while providing realistic and practical illustrations in professional practice. Of critical significance in health care provision are the associated professional, legal and ethical implications, of which this paper seeks to provide a comprehensive overview before arriving at a conclusive summary on prospects and professional development of a newly qualified nurse. Critical discussion on t he roles of the newly qualified nurse The transition from college to professional practice presents a dramatic shift in experience and expectations. This then demands deliberate and timely skill and psychological preparedness to make a successful transition into professional practice. ... These are prerequisites and indicators of the commitment and initiative of the nurse in both professional practice and personal development (Ellis and Abbott, 2010). In practice, a qualified nurse becomes part of intricate relationships involving colleagues, patients and the leadership of the institutions that employs them. The success of newly qualified nurses in professional and personal development is largely dependent on how the nurses handle their personal and professional relationships (Northcott, 1999). Healthcare care provision presents major responsibilities and challenges that demand not only professional competence but also excellent interpersonal abilities that enhance a mutually supportive and professionally enabling work environment (DOH, 2007). To be registered by NMC, the requirement is that a nurse be able to demonstrate the above skills and competencies with minimal supervision. It has, however, been acknowledged that newly qualified nurses may lack in practical exp erience and confidence to deal with the enormous challenges presented in health care provision (Glasper, 2010). To this end, the NMC acknowledges that new nurses should receive mentorship and supervision for at least four months in a transitional programme. The challenge faced by newly qualified nurses, as observed by Kennedy (2008), is further compounded by the unprecedented assumptions and expectations from older nurses that new nurses have what it takes in skill and expertise to meet the challenges of their new roles. Of more practical significance in a reflective and realistic perspective is that new nurses develop the ability to adopt and learn faster on the job. As acknowledged by Darley (2002), personal initiative and accountability of

Personal Criminological Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Personal Criminological Theory - Essay Example Trouble arises when people allow these urges to stray beyond the bounds set by a society’s laws. As indicated in Reader’s Digest’s ABC’s of the Human Mind (1990, 48) â€Å"most criminologists today see crime arising mainly from environmental conditions, such as urban pressures, poverty, and a poor home life†. In this regard, the essay is written with the objective of proffering a description of one’s personal criminology theory; specifically addressing the following concerns, to wit: (1) to provide an explanation as to the occurrence of crime and why people commit crime; (2) to identify the variables that would be considered; (3) to identify assumptions on which one’s theory is based; and (4) to present the methodologies used to evaluate it. One’s personal theory on the rationale for the commission of crime is based on Williams McShane’s (2008) discussion of a good theory, stating that it is â€Å"is logically constructed, is based on the evidence at hand, and is supported by subsequent research† (7). Crime is properly understood as part of the broader phenomenon of deviance. To understand the rationale for the occurrence of crime and criminal behavior, per se; as well as the rates of crime, it is necessary to understand the dynamics of conformity and deviation, including the processes of social disorganization. It is therefore, one’s personal contention that crime is a product of societal disequilibrium. As indicated by Broom & Selznick (1977), â€Å"the problems that arise in the area of law and morals bring home the lesson that crime is a social product, not a natural phenomenon. It is society that decides what shall be considered a crime and therefore subject to police surveillance and c ontrol† (422). informal social controls break down and criminal cultures emerge. They lack collective efficacy to fight crime and disorder† (Shaw & McKay, Sampson, Bursik & Grasmick cited from Cullen & Agnew, 2002, par. 4). The

E-CRM Platform Design and Implementation Coursework

E-CRM Platform Design and Implementation - Coursework Example In many parts of the globe, use of internet or web-based sites to purchase or sell products or services is gaining momentum. For instance, there are many online retail businesses such as e-bookselling, e-tourism, e-fashion sale, and even e-transport. As the issue of online retailing becomes live in the 21st century, there is another issue of electronic customer relationship management (e-CRM) that key stakeholders have to grapple with. As a result, there is popular view that success of online retailing will result from effective establishment and implementation of e-CRM platform tools (Reponen 2003). Online retail industry Online retailing is a sector that many predictions points to its robust growth. The growth is associated with increasing use of computers in many aspects of the economy and the increasing social networking that is web-based. Heinemann and Schwarzl (2010) observe that the increasing utilization of the internet by many people across the world as an information portal and the subsequent movement of people to social relationships using the Web are likely to see growth of online retail. At the same time, in 2003, research by Forrester Research Group ascertained that, online retail was to grow from $95.7 million in 2003 to $229.9 billion by the year 2008 (Krishnamurthy, 2006). Further, online retail was to account for 10% of total USA retail sales by 2008, with recent figures indicating this figures have increased (Krishnamurthy 2006). As a result, e-CRM in online retailing has become an issue that stakeholders with future sustainability growth strategy cannot ignore or undervalue. As competition in online retail sector increase due to promising prospects and little start-up capital, the need for effective and functional e-CRM platforms and tools is important for stakeholders keen to build long-term growth strategy in the sector. Stakeholders in online retailing have to effectively serve the huge promising market base and it is from this, electroni c CRM constitute an area companies in the sector need to invest heavily. In this sphere, there is need for stakeholders to initiate longer attention to its visitors and subsequently establish and foster positive relationship, which is likely to impact growth and revenues in the sector. Dissatisfaction in online retailing by customers has been identified to exist despite growth being witnessed (Krishnamurthy, 2006). Due to this, it has been established that some customers have being switching to other channels while others have drastically reduced their purchasing experiences online (Krishnamurthy, 2006). Dissatisfaction among customers has been associated with lack of transaction completion and the slow pace of companies to rectify this. More so, attention to customers and visitors is perceived to lack vigor and this has led to untimely meeting of customer needs, response to queries is poor and the larger feedback process is poorly managed. What online retail companies need to know is that customer retention and loyalty is paramount (Lee-Kelley, Gilbert and Mannicom, 2003), where the two aspects have been associated with influencing company revenues positively (Krishnamurthy, 2006). Customer loyalty arises from the aspect of customer experiencing value for the product or service consumed and satisfaction derived thereafter (Lee-Kelley,

Power, Ideology, and Terror in the Atomic Age Worksheet Essay

Power, Ideology, and Terror in the Atomic Age Worksheet - Essay Example Therefore, nuclear development defied power, such that the more weapons and bombs a country made the more the power it gained over the others. The number of countries producing nuclear weapons continued to increase where in1961, UK and France had successfully produced and tested nuclear bombs. In addition, at the end of 1964 China joined the list to become the fifth in nuclear bombs production. In 1968, 21 countries approved a non-proliferation treaty that prohibited any more production of nuclear bombs with the aim of creating a nuclear weapons-free zone. Lastly by 1991 more members had joined the treaty making the treaty the world greatest arms control agreement. There are three significant events that happened during the cold war that help define the war. These include Berlin airlift, Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and the fall of the Berlin wall. The first event on Berlin airlift occurred in 1948 where Germany was divided amongst the victors of World War two which are US, UK, France and Soviet. The second event on soviet invasion of Afghanistan occurred on 24th December 1979. This was a strategy since Soviet took advantage of the counties divided focus and instability to attack it without its knowledge. Lastly, the fall of Berlin wall that occurs in 1989. The fall of this wall symbolizes the ending of the cold warfare. The fall of Berlin wall do not only symbolize the ending of the cold warfare, but also the collapse and revolution of communism in Europe. For more than 40 years, the soviet had imposed community rules that had divided the west from the east. However, reformers under social movement and the ant-communist trade union put an end to this in 1998 to form a centralized and one Europe. The main factors that caused the collapse of communism were the reform movement and the solidarity of the reformist. In conclusion, this paper gives a clear description of the cold

Sikhism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sikhism - Essay Example Some Sikhs believe their religion to be a purified Hinduism, but most consider it to be a direct revelation from God, with no connection to any other religion (Robinson, 2005). Whatever be its’ origins, Sikhism has emerged as a religion in its’ own right, with its’ unique history, beliefs, prayers, practices and concept of God. The word ‘Sikh’ in Punjabi is defined as ‘disciple’ and connotes a disciple of God. ‘Guru’ is a Sanskrit word for teacher. In Sikhism, the Gurus are considered to be Enlightened Masters. The Reht Maryada, the official Sikh Code of Conduct, defines a Sikh as any man or woman who believes in One Immortal Being, the ten Gurus, the Guru Granth Sahib- the holy book of the Sikhs, the teachings of the Gurus and the baptism introduced by the tenth Guru and does not owe allegiance to any other religion. The history of Sikhism is mirrored in the life of its’ Gurus. The first Guru was Guru Nanak Dev (1469 – 1539), who founded the Sikh religion. He was born into a Hindu family. He attained enlightenment at the age of thirty, while bathing in the river Bain and proclaimed the immortal words, â€Å"There is no Hindu, no Muslim.† He traveled extensively through the Indian subcontinent and the Persian Gulf, spreading his message of one, tr ue God through the medium of hymns and stories that would reach the common people. He was followed by Guru Angad Dev (1504 – 1552), who popularized the Gurmukhi script among the Sikhs and advocated a casteless society. He was succeeded by Guru Amar Das (1479 – 1574), who institutionalized the free Sikh communal kitchen, or langar, opposed the subjugation of women through the purdah and sati and supported widow remarriage. Through trained apostles, called Masands, he spread Sikhism throughout the country. The Fourth Master was Guru Ram Das (1534 – 1581), who founded the holy city of

Death penalty Essay Example for Free

Death penalty Essay First, in your own words define, then compare and contrast the following concepts: Genera deterrence- punishment for crime to scare others not to commit the same crime. Specific deterrence- punishment of a crime that prevents the offender from repeating the same offense again. Incapacitation- punishment of keeping offenders in jail so they can’t repeat offense again in society. Retribution-punishment fairly justly due to the severity of the crime. Then, apply these concepts to the ways in which VIOLENT offenders are sentenced in todays courts. Sentences are based on the severity of the offenses being committed. Punishment can be based on certain factors of the crime. Violent offenders can be sentenced to death or incarceration of life. Using general deterrence it supposed to stop others from committing similar crimes. Specific deterrence is a way to avoid offenders from repeating their crimes. Keeping criminals incarcerated away from society, is the practice of keeping criminal of the street. Retribution punishes the criminal based on their action from the crime committed. Present your views on the death penalty as it exists today in the United States. You must present at least one case from law concerning the use of [for or against] the death penalty. Finally, examine your states rules concerning the use of the death penalty. I have nothing against the death penalty, but I’m not God either. If a person can go on a killing spree for instance like a serial killer, I feel that they should be held accountable. The old saying an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth, kind of makes me think of the death penalty. A life for a life, but does that give back the life of the one taken. I have various few on the death penalty. Certain situations require it others I feel are unnecessary. Does that make me bias? I’ve heard some people say they’re against it, for reasons as the offenders suffers more by living day to day knowing they have taken someone’s life. Not all offenders have a conscious so when that comes into play, how the offender does suffers for their crime committed? Kennedy v. Louisiana US Supreme Court, 554 U.S.June 25, 2008 Petitioner Patrick Kennedy was convicted and sentenced to death in Louisiana for the aggravated rape of his then 8 year-old stepdaughter. A Louisiana state statute authorized capital punishment for the rape of a child under 12. The State Supreme Court affirmed the statute, rejecting petitioner’s reliance on Coker v. Georgia, which prevented the use of capital punishment for the rape of an adult woman. The Supreme Court concluded that the Eighth Amendment bars Louisiana from imposing the death penalty for the rape of a child where the crime did not result, and was not intended to result, in the victim’s death.

Documentation Requirements for the Acute Care Inpatient Record Essay Example for Free

Documentation Requirements for the Acute Care Inpatient Record Essay The medical record is a tool for collecting, storing, and processing patient information. Records are being used daily for a multitude of purposes, including: providing a means of communication between the physician and the other members of the healthcare team caring for the patient providing a basis for evaluating the adequacy and appropriateness of care providing data to substantiate insurance claims protecting the legal interests of the patient, the facility, and the physician   providing clinical data for research and education ? General Guidelines for Patient Record Documentation ?†¢ Each hospital should have policies that ensure uniformity of both content and format of the patient record based on all applicable accreditation standards, federal and state regulations, payer requirements, and professional practice standards. ?†¢ The patient record should be organized systematically to facilitate data retrieval and compilation. ?†¢ Only persons authorized by the hospital’s policies to document in the patient record should do so. This information should be recorded in the medical staff rules and regulations and/or the hospital’s administrative policies. ?†¢ Hospital policy and/or medical staff rules and regulations should specify who may receive and transcribe a physician’s verbal orders. ?†¢ Patient record entries should be documented at the time the treatment they describe is rendered. ?†¢ Authors of all entries should be clearly identifiable. ?†¢ Abbreviations and symbols in the patient record are permitted only when approved according to hospital and medical staff bylaws, rules, and regulations. All entries in the patient records should be permanent. †¢ Errors should be corrected as follows: draw a single line in ink through the incorrect entry, and print error at the top of the entry with a legal signature or initials, date, time, title, reason for change, and discipline of the person making the correction. Errors must never be obliterated. The existing entry should be left intact with corrections entered in chronological order. Late entries should be labeled as such. ?†¢ In the event the patient wishes to amend information in the record, it shall be done as an addendum, without change to the original entry, and shall be clearly identified as an additional document appended to he original patient record at the direction of the patient, who will thereafter bear responsibility for the explaining the change. The health information department should develop, implement, and evaluate policies and procedures related to quantitative and qualitative analysis of patient records. ?†¢ Review any requirements outlined in state law, regulation, or healthcare facility licensure standards as they relate to documentation requirements. If your state requires that verbal orders be authenticated within a specified time frame, accrediting and licensing agencies will survey for compliance with that requirement.

Development of Microprocessor Based Automatic Gate

Development of Microprocessor Based Automatic Gate ABSTRACT In this paper, we give detailed information about development of microprocessor based automatic gate. In common gate operations many times troubles will occur, using microprocessor based automatic gate, we can completely remove these troubles easily. We are going to use this automatic gate in Automatic Car Parking. The automatic gate senses vehicle which they come near to it. It automatically opens, wait for a definite time, and closes after the time has passed. This system can also regularly check the number of vehicle that entered the parking area and calculate the available space limit of the area. The automatic gate developed in this paper is controlled by software, which can be modified any time whenever the system needs the change. Keywords: automatic gate, microprocessor, automobile, traffic controllers. INTRODUCTION Need of automatic gate is rapidly increasing day by day. This system described the use of microprocessor as a controller. This automatic gate is nothing but the alternative of manual gate. Manual systems are costly, time consuming. Micro controlled gate are  used in making sound system, Robot, automatic breaking system, etc. This automatic gate can be used in parking of residential home, organization, in public car parking. This system consists of an automatic remote control to open and close the door for parking. It opens the door only when the space is there. The automatic gate which is used here is not for security purpose. It is just developed to eliminate the problems which are faced by the older manual method. SYSTEM OVERVIEW The system presented here is microprocessor based automatic gate. Here microprocessor is used to control the sensor which gives the information about space limit. This system opens, wait and closes door for car. And counts the number of car entered or exit. This system consists of trigger circuit, sensor, CPU and memory module, display, gate and power supply unit. First sensor gives input signal to system. The sensor is optical when the car cross it then the signal is HIGH otherwise it is LOW. Trigger is responsible for the HIGH and LOW signals. This trigger coverts the analog signal to digital. If the signal is HIGH then trigger sends the signal to interface unit. Then the car enters the parking. If the signal is LOW then the car never enters to the parking area. Power supply unit supplies DC voltage for system. Block diagram of system HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE DESIGN The system design is divided into two parts: Hardware design. Software design. Hardware design Sensor unit Trigger circuit CPU module Memory module Display unit Gate control unit Power supply unit 1. Sensor Unit:- It is an optical sensor; this is the light dependent register. This will change its resistance with intensity of light. In this system we use ORP12 it is called as dark resistance of 10ÃŽ ©. When light ray are focused then resistance is low and if lights are disturbed, resistance will start increasing to dark resistance. Two pair of resister is used one for entrance gate and another for exit gate. Sensor unit send output to trigger circuit. When light ray focused output voltage is v01 and v02. And when light is getting interrupted then the voltage increases to 5v. 2. Trigger Circuit:- This is made up of trigger, two input NAND gate. This receives the output from sensor unit. If there is output from sensor unit then only trigger circuit go HIGH, otherwise it remains at LOW level. 3. CPU Module:- This provides system clock, reset and access to address data and control bus. Additional circuits are used which are: Clock circuit. Reset circuit. Clock circuit: Crystal Oscillator is used to implement clock circuit. Cristal oscillator is more reliable for the high level output voltage. In this design the CPU which is used, has a clock cycle. Thus we use crystal oscillator and is pass through flip flop. Reset Circuit: After the power is supplied this circuit initializes CPU if Halt occurs. If the CPU is reset the execution starts. It will clear the interrupt. 4. Memory Module:- In this module two techniques are used linear select and fully decoding technique. In linear select each bit select a device, can be done with small system. Doesn’t need any decoding hardware, but it is time consuming. In fully decoding memory address is required to select memory device. Address Decoder: It tells about space in memory to allocate the address pointed by microprocessor. In this combinational circuits are used. It can enable multiple inputs. When all enables are active then only decoder has active low outputs. 5. Display Unit:- Display unit uses the decimal and hexadecimal format for displaying purpose. Display unit consists of- Z80 PIO: It provides 8-bit I/O port. It needs a driver to fed output to 7-segment display. Whenever a vehicle crosses the gate, this unit send signal to driver. BCD to 7 segment decoder: For displaying decimal digit, decoder is used to take 4-bit BCD input. 7-segment display 6. Gate Control Unit:- Gate control unit is made up of PNP and NPN transistor Diodes Motor. Transistors are used to control opening of gate through motor. There is time interval of 10 seconds between opening and closing of gate. Diodes are used to protect transistor from reverse bias register to improve switching line. A DC Motor is used to control opening and closing of gate. 7. Power Supply Unit:- Power supply unit designed is 5v DC and is doesn’t change even if there is variation in AC voltage. Component of power supply unit is:- Transformer: 220 or 240 transformer. Diode: converts AC current to DC. Filter Capacitor: used to reduce ripple voltage. Regulator: it receives DC input, and return it as the output Software design Software design is referred as the coding. Here we have to program the system. Program modules are: Main Program Sensor Subroutine Delay Subroutine Output Subroutine Steps involving in software design: Algorithm Flow Chart Coding Algorithm START 1. cnt1 = 0, cnt2 = 0, lim = 20 2. Read the sensor bit 3. Compare sensor bit with entry code and exit code. a. If sensor bit = entry code then goto step 5 b. Elseif sensor bit = exit code then goto step 6 4. Go to step 2 5. a. Open, wait and close b. Increment cnt1 and display c. Go to step 7 6a.Open, wait and close b. Increment cnt2 and display 7. Subtract cnt2 from cnt1 8. Compare result with lim a. If result = lim then step 9 b. Else go to step 2 9. Fetch sensor bit 10. Compare sensor bit a. If status = exit code then step6 b. Else raise alarm 11. Goto step 9. CONCLUSION By this system with the help of microcontroller gate project’s goal is achieved. The design can be applicable for any kind of system which needs sensor. In this system sensor plays the important part to this parking system. For effectiveness one should have the proper knowledge about the sensor, microprocessor, and assembly language. The sensor works effectively if operates in high intensity of light. This automatic gate can be used in organization; public car park etc. and this system don’t make for any security purpose.

Western Religions - Judaism, Christianity, and Islam :: Religion Theology

My research paper studies the three most significant and commonly known Western Religions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam in terms of their religious beliefs regarding the place and the role of women in society. Religion is the cardinal force that binds a race or a religious group together, and it equips it with a sense of identity. It does this by providing a code of life, governing all aspects of life, and determining convictions of its followers One such category is popularly referred to as "western religions", thereby differentiating the religions constituting it from "eastern religions." Islam, Judaism, and Christianity are of the three most popular religions that rest on the foundation of a single creator belief and are therefore called western religions. As these religions have the core conviction in common; the religious belief that this universe came into existence, as well as controlled and governed by one God.The significance and popularity of western religions can be determined from the fact that "Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are monotheistic faiths practiced by about half of the world's population Believers in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are found on every continent, but tend to be concentrated in North and South America, Europe, Australia, Western Asia and North Africa. Christianity and Islam are growing influences in sub-Saharan Africa, often replacing indigenous faiths. By studying the teachings of the western religions, we can comprehend the respectable position of women in the society and the urgent need to remove all social and gender barriers In addition, studying the place of women in the light of spiritual teachings of the western religions, we can convince other women and people around in bringing about a positive change in the modern global village. Studying various religious beliefs and their in-depth analysis proves that there is a fundamental teaching and principle of all spiritual forms that humanity is to be treated as one concrete unit wherein all men and women share similar relationship and identical position in the eyes of the Almighty. The unjust oppression of women is based on false assumptions and preconceived notions by the male-dominating world, has been obvious and responsible for paving the way for serious gender issues to emerge. This caused religious conflicts among the masses. Confined to narrow realms of activity in society, deprived from the essential human rights, restricted to confined educations scope, open to unhealthy criticism and mental and physical abuse, this society has not permitted wom en to become what they potentially are.

Fractal Geometry :: Mathematics Math Geometric Essays

Fractal Geometry In the past, mathematics has been concerned largely with sets and functions to which the methods of classical calculus could be applied. Sets or functions that are not sufficiently smooth or regular have tended to be named as " pathological" and not worthy of study. They were regarded as individual curiosities and only rarely were thought of as a class to which a general theory might be applicable. However, in recent years this attitude has changed. Irregular sets provide a much better representation of many natural phenomena than do the figures of classical geometry. Fractal geometry provides a general framework for the study of such irregular sets. (Falconer) The word ‘fractal’ was coined in 1975 by mathematician Benoit B. Mandelbrot to describe an intricate-looking set of curves, many of which were not yet seen before the creation of the computer. Fractals often exhibit self-similarity, which means that various copies of an object can be found in the original object a t smaller size scales. This continues for many magnifications – like an endless nesting of Russian dolls within dolls. (Pickover) Fractals appear everywhere in nature, in galaxies and landscapes, in earthquakes and geological cracks, in aggregates and colloids, and even in the human body. Fractal geometry is an important tool in the analysis of phenomena, ranging from rhythms in music melodies to the human heartbeat and DNA sequences. Many professions including, mathematics, astronomy, physics, chemistry, engineering, and biology use fractal geometry. (Bunde) Waclaw Sierpinski was born on March 14, 1882, in Warsaw, Poland. Sierpinski attended the University of Warsaw in 1899, when all classes were taught in Russian. He graduated in 1904 and went on to teach mathematics and physics at a girl's school in Warsaw. He left teaching in 1905 to get his doctorate at the Jagiellonian University in Cracow. After receiving his doctorate in 1908, Sierpinski went on to teach at the University of Lvov. During his years at Lvov, he wrote three books and many research papers. These books were The Theory of Irrational numbers (1910), Outline of Set Theory (1912), and The Theory of Numbers (1912). In 1919, Sierpinski accepted a job as a professor at the University of Warsaw, and this is where Waclaw Sierpinski (The Mactutor) he would spend the rest of his life. Throughout his career, Sierpinski wrote 724 papers and an amazing 50 books. Sierpinski studied many areas of mathematics, including, irrational numbers, set theory, fractal geometry, and theory of numbers.

Personal, Social, and Cultural Contexts Established by the Frame Story

Personal, Social, and Cultural Contexts Established by the Frame Story in MAUS  Ã‚      The use of the frame story, an overarching narrative used to connect a series of loosely related stories, pervades literature. An example of a frame story on a large scale - tying together a whole book-length work, not a simple short story - can be found in Art Spiegelman's graphic novel MAUS. Each of the narrative's six sections is framed with snatches of the interaction between Vladek and Art during the "interview" that supposedly occurred to create the book. This framing helps us learn about Vladek's character, which we would not know about from his rather flat, unemotional Holocaust narrative. In coming to understand this book, we must also take into account the fact that no work of literature exists in a vacuum, and all literature is affected by the social and cultural contexts of its author and its reader. MAUS is no exception. In MAUS, the use of frame stories helps to establish personal, social, and cultural context for the "main" stories told within. In this effort to give literary works some sort of context, it seems that there are three "filters" through which any work of literature can be viewed. The first of these is what I will call the "personal context", that is, the information we amass about the previous experiences of the protagonist and other central figures of the work. Clearly, what has happened to a person, real or fictional, in the past will indelibly inform their present and future actions and emotions. The second "filter" is the "social context": the relationships that characters form among themselves. (In MAUS, I will also refer to this as the "familial" context, since the central relationship in the book is... ...e graphic novel. This helps to clarify the cultural context in which Vladek views himself. In conclusion, three different types of context are established by the "frame story" in the book. These are the personal, social, and cultural contexts which I have described. Perhaps there are others, but these three seem to be the most central to understanding the interaction of literature with its background culture. As there is reader-response criticism, perhaps we might propose a school of culture-response criticism, devoted to understanding the ideas portrayed in literature in light of the surroundings in which they were created.   "Captured in a photograph, without a frame, You see her standing tall but you see no face to blame."   Tara MacLean, "Let Her Feel The Rain" Works Cited: Spiegelman, Art. Maus. New York, Toronto: Random House, Inc. 1973. Personal, Social, and Cultural Contexts Established by the Frame Story Personal, Social, and Cultural Contexts Established by the Frame Story in MAUS  Ã‚      The use of the frame story, an overarching narrative used to connect a series of loosely related stories, pervades literature. An example of a frame story on a large scale - tying together a whole book-length work, not a simple short story - can be found in Art Spiegelman's graphic novel MAUS. Each of the narrative's six sections is framed with snatches of the interaction between Vladek and Art during the "interview" that supposedly occurred to create the book. This framing helps us learn about Vladek's character, which we would not know about from his rather flat, unemotional Holocaust narrative. In coming to understand this book, we must also take into account the fact that no work of literature exists in a vacuum, and all literature is affected by the social and cultural contexts of its author and its reader. MAUS is no exception. In MAUS, the use of frame stories helps to establish personal, social, and cultural context for the "main" stories told within. In this effort to give literary works some sort of context, it seems that there are three "filters" through which any work of literature can be viewed. The first of these is what I will call the "personal context", that is, the information we amass about the previous experiences of the protagonist and other central figures of the work. Clearly, what has happened to a person, real or fictional, in the past will indelibly inform their present and future actions and emotions. The second "filter" is the "social context": the relationships that characters form among themselves. (In MAUS, I will also refer to this as the "familial" context, since the central relationship in the book is... ...e graphic novel. This helps to clarify the cultural context in which Vladek views himself. In conclusion, three different types of context are established by the "frame story" in the book. These are the personal, social, and cultural contexts which I have described. Perhaps there are others, but these three seem to be the most central to understanding the interaction of literature with its background culture. As there is reader-response criticism, perhaps we might propose a school of culture-response criticism, devoted to understanding the ideas portrayed in literature in light of the surroundings in which they were created.   "Captured in a photograph, without a frame, You see her standing tall but you see no face to blame."   Tara MacLean, "Let Her Feel The Rain" Works Cited: Spiegelman, Art. Maus. New York, Toronto: Random House, Inc. 1973.

Cultural Diversity in International Hospitality Management Essay

Diversity in hospitality industry: One of the biggest impacts of globalization for those managing companies and organization is dealing with a more culturally diverse pool of employees (Lim and Noriega, 2007). Lim and Noriega (2007) further argue that in a world where over 50% of world’s are owned and controlled by TNCs and MNCs they are bound to deal with workforces from different cultural backgrounds due to their cross boundary operations, their attempt to attract talent from various parts of globe, and at times governments’ pressure for greater diversity at workplace (Stanley, 2008). Stanley (2008) note that, the same rule of thumb applies to the hospitality industry, which has seen a surge in workforce diversity. Lim and Noriega (2007) advocate that rapid growth in the hospitality industry in areas such as East and Southeast Asia (e.g. China) have presented the hospitality MNCs such as Hilton and Sheraton with the much needed space to grow. Stanley’s (2008) study of international hotel chains in Asia continent reveals that Hilton is planning to add another 300 branches to its existing 50 branches in the region. According to a report by Xinhua (2008) many international hospitality organizations showed readiness to tap into the Chinese market in the face of the Beijing 2008 Olympics. Such aggressive battle for market share in this flourishing region has already made its mark on the labour market where there is a tight competition among these companies to attract the talented employees (Doherty et al, 2007). Doherty et al, (2007) argue that the real competition in the labour market is to absorb the kind of managers that are able to deal with employees from a different cultural background. Thus, the important task for these MNCs is to attract the type of management talent (often expatriates) who are able to deal with multicultural work environments while these managers receive the right king of support from the head office to overcome the type of problems these environments pose due to cultural differences (Zhang, 2010). The increasing importance of dealing with cultural differences, especially in management level has resulted in creation of a vast body of literature on this subject. One of the earliest  works on this subject were presented by Hofstede (1980) who introduced a conceptual framework that is based on 5 dimensions of; â€Å"power distance, individualism vs. collectivism, masculinity vs. femininity, uncertainty avoidance, and long term vs. short term orientation† (Hostede, 1980). Other theories of culture are developed by scholars such as Klutchhohn and Strodtbeck (1961) who introduced the cultural orientation framework and Hall (1971) who develop the cultural contexts concept. In the this paper the main aim of the author is to compare and contrast these three cultural concepts on the basis of their advantages, disadvantages and suitability to the management of Chinese employees in the context of hospitality industry. However, firstly this author is going to provide a brief introduction on culture and its various definitions as well as debating why it is important to understand culture and cultural differences. What is culture? Culture has been studied and analysed from various different perspective, which tend to provide varying, but yet at times similar definitions of this term. For instance, Keesing (1974) defines culture as â€Å"systems (of socially transmitted behaviour patterns) that serve to relate human communities to their ecological settings. These ways of life of communities include technologies and modes of economic organization, settlement patterns, modes of social grouping and political organization, religious beliefs and practices, and so on† (pp. 5). Binford (1968) provides the following definition: â€Å"Culture is all those means whose forms are not under direct genetic control . . . which serve to adjust individuals and groups within their ecological communities† (p. 323). Based on these interpretation culture can be defined as a group of behaviours and beliefs associated to a certain group that may reside in a certain geographical location. However, what make culture and cultural studies important is the perceived differences among between cultures and the implication of these differences for the world commerce. Solomon and Schell (2009) argue that â€Å"today it’s not uncommon to manage business functions in other countries with direct reporting relationships to functional teams in many countries; it’s also not unusual to interact with colleagues at home who have a variety of  backgrounds and diverse personal styles, all of which respond to different management techniques† (pp. 111). Morris (2011) also notes that understanding cultural differences is an important aspect of managing diverse pools of employees and asserts that â€Å"a (manager) who interprets employees from different cultural groups without awareness of cultural norms can miss or misread important signals in their communication†. Thus, so far it is established that cultural awareness is an integral and important part of management; the following sections will aim to review the previously mentioned cultural theories in the context of hospitality management of foreign or expatriate managers in China. Hofstede’s five dimensions: Hofstede’s (1980) five dimensions was produced on the back of many interviews and observations, and as evident from the title it is based on five dimensions (mentioned earlier) and assumes that cultures vary from one another on the basis of these five aspects. In trying to relate the five dimensions concept to the hospitality industry there are difficulties and confusions as the concept was developed on the back of interviews of employees who mainly worked in a similar industry (Newman, 1996). However, in trying to relate this concept to management of the Chinese hospitality companies’ managers can hugely benefit from the five dimensions; whether it is about learning how to lead and manage, motivate, resolve problems and etc. (Rogers, Hart and Miike, 2002). As it can be seen from the table below, countries do vary in the way they react to inequalities in distribution of power. As a result, the construct of the organizations vary depending on this very fact (Miroshnik, 2 001). Based on this observation, one of the major problems that a hospitality manager would face in China is getting the manager subordinate distance right. In other words, while in Western organizations and companies the management style is rather flat and two way communication is encouraged, in China the hierarchical management style is very dominant and the communications channels are normally top-down (Tuttle et al, 2009). Therefore, a manager who is used to a more democratic style of management is now faced with the reality of a wok place that does not support or understand this management model. One way of course would be to attempt to  change the culture and introduce a new management style into a multi-national hotel chain’s (e.g. Hilton) operations in China; however, as it can be seen from the past experiences cultural shifts are not as easy and fluent as one may like them to be (Choi et al, 2004). Thus, the easier and more effective approach in the short to medium term is to understand and embrace the local culture. For instance, a foreign or expatriate manager who is managing a multinational hospitality firm in China needs to understand the fact that China is a masculine and collective society where uncertainty is largely avoided and people have a very long term orientation in life and work and historically advocated great power distance (Li, 2008).  A glance at the table above shows that in a society like China low individualism that is inherent in the culture implies that individuals are more concerned about the harmony at work, for which they are willing to suppress their emotions, and the achievement of the group and respecting the traditions is an integral part of their work ethics. The most important aspect of this dimension ought to be that part of Chinese culture that emphasizes on ‘working for the intrinsic reward’. Although this trait is slowly diminishing in China as a result of globalization and emergence of a ‘global culture’ (Tuttle et al, 2009) the older generation still upholds these values. Thus, managers should be mindful of this mind-set when it comes to devising strategies to motivate the employees.   An interesting aspect of Hostede’s (1980) five dimensions is the masculinity vs. femininity issues. A lack of understanding of this factor can cause problems for managers and discontent among employees. Jacob (2005) postulates that in masculine societies tasks are developed and assigned base on their nature. In other words, tasks are either masculine or feminine and managers need to have a good appreciation of this fact before engaging in developing tasks and responsibilities. From a personal perspective this author can confirm that in China [still] there is a great degree of emphasis on masculinity and femininity and assigning a feminine task to a man can be considered offensive. This is especially true in case of hospitality industry where tasks such as housekeeping are considered to be predominantly feminine tasks. Cultural orientation: This concept was developed by Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck (1961) and was one of the first comparative cultural studies to look at cultures from a multi-dimensional perspective (Hills, 2002). This concept has been recognised and acknowledged for its psychological study of human values (Russo, 2000 and Hofstede, 2001) and its approach to value as an all-encompassing attribute that goes beyond the positive and negative of the attitudinal studies (Hills, 2002). Authors such as Segal et al, (1999) and Smith and Bond (1998) argue that this concept is not relevant to management as the authors did not specify the implication of this study for business management. Nonetheless, this author finds dimensions Two (person’s relationship to others people) and Six (the conception of space) relevant to management and to hospitality industry. These two dimensions are highly similar with that of Hofstede’s individualism vs. collectivism. Therefore, an understanding of this dimension would equip managers to deal with the dilemmas that may arise from dealing with those who operate under different value systems. For instance, in this case understanding that individual relationship with others in the organization is based on hierarchy and collective effort can be hugely advantageous. This is especially useful in task development where managers would focus more on cooperative (collective) as opposed to competitive (individual) tasks. Hall’s high vs. low context culture: This concept refers to the degree of formality that is applied in communications between members of society (Guffey, 2009). According to Solomon (2011) in high context societies a great deal of communication is non-verbal and the culture itself explains the situation as opposed to words. As such, in a high context society the choice of words one utters are very important and metaphorical statements are frequently used. Furthermore, in a high context society there is huge emphasis on distinguishing the insider from outsider; for instance, in China the word ‘Guanxi’ specifically refers to this issue (Xin and Pearce, 1996). Grainger (2002) argues that in a high context society such as China, one’s understanding and respect of the superiors’ position is the key to developing good relationships and creating opportunities. The same  principle applies to foreign or expatriate managers who are running hospitality or any other type of businesses in China. In an article titled â€Å"Gifts, Favours and Banquets: the art of social relationships in China† Yang (1994) reveals the secrets of developing meaningful and successful business relationships in Middle Kingdom and provides invaluable advice on how to engage in with officials and businessmen in a way accepted and understood in Chinese culture. Grainger (2002) provides a case study of the Roaring Dragon Hotel in South-West China and reveals how after the merger of the hotel with a European hospitality group some of the employees who were finding it difficult to work with the Western Manager use their Guanxi with the a Chinese senior manager to be transferred to a branch run by a local. Grainger (2002) further adds that many foreign managers in hospitality industry fail to secure good deals as they lack the expertise and right links to do so. There is no denial about the fact that in China favours are performed frequently, but only at the right price and to the right persons. The very concept of Guanxi is a euphemism for favouritism and subtle bribery (Yang, 1994). However, to a foreign manager the dilemma is how to go about asking for favours without exposing themselves or those who are able to provide the right opportunities (Park and Luo, 2001). Such situations perfectly highlight the importance of understanding different culture (Chinese in this instance) and finding ways of accommodating for the needs and requirements of that specific culture. In an article published in New York Times (2009) Selignon argues that many foreign managers do not understand the importance of building Guanxi not only with local authorities and business owners, but also with the employees. She goes on explaining that majority of Western managers follow the same practices that they would do back home and fail to understand the importance of building relationships with their subordinates. In Chinese context employee and manager relationship goes beyond the office hours and interactions expand to house visits, dinner gatherings and etc. (Yang, 1994). Therefore, to most hospitality managers deployed in China success or failure is a matter of understanding or failing to understand these differences. Understanding customers from their cultural perspective: Kandampully et al, (2001) postulate that hospitality managers in China are  predominantly dealing and catering for the Chinese customer, although the number of foreign customers in China is on the rise, which only adds to the diversity of the cultural differences that should be understood and accommodated. This point is confirmed by Reisinger and Turner (1997) who assert that: â€Å"Greater cross-cultural awareness, understanding, and acceptance of cultural differences is needed by tourism practitioners† (pp. 1). However, in a strictly Chinese context it is upon the foreign manager to gain insight into the needs and wants of the Chinese customers in order to meet or exceed their expectations. Park and Luo (2001) argue that to a foreign manager of a hospitality firm the main point of contact with the cultural requirements of the customers are the local employees. Thus, in order to understand the market and its requirements managers must be able to get through the first hurdle which is to get through the management issues they will face with their employees. Reisinger and Turner (1997) assert that â€Å"managers of services firms deployed to foreign countries have to deal with the perpetual dilemma of learning, understanding and adapting to what can best be described as untested waters; their failure or success solely depends on their ability to overcome the cultural one by one through continuous learning and adaptation†. Conclusion: Cultures as value systems that permeate human beings’ lives and determine how they behave, act and react are increasingly gaining in importance and over the past few decades a large body of literature has been developed to aid the commercial world in dealing with the ordeals of dealing with cultural differences and difficulties that arise from these cultural incongruities. This paper tried to highlight how an understanding of cultural differences can play a crucial role in helping foreign hospitality managers deployed in China to make a successful cultural transition across cultures. In the course of this paper it was discussed that culture as unwritten manuals of behavioural patterns play a significant role in how many interactions develop and flourish into meaningful relationships. Moreover, it was highlighted, through provision of real life examples, how a lack of understanding of cultural differences can limit or block the success of foreign managers in China. As a means of substantiating this argument this  paper looked at three different concepts (i.e. Hofstede’s five dimentions, Klutchohn and Strodtbeck’s cultural orientation and Hall’s cultural context) each one of which was studied and analysed in terms of its relevance to the context of management (hospitality specifically). In conclusion, this paper reveals that while the two concepts of Five Dimensions (Hofstede) and Cultural Context (Hall) carry greater fit and are more applicable to management issues than cultural orientation concept (Klutchohn and Strodtbeck). Nonetheless, overall impact of such concepts and cultural intelligence on facilitating successful cultural transition for managers cannot be over emphasized. As it was noted in this study in-depth cultural learning and transition not only allows managers to be more effective in managing their human resources, it will also allow them to negotiate access to better opportunities for greater development and profitability. Therefore, understanding cultures and finding ways of bridging the cultural gap is an essential when it comes to managing across cultures. In this way a manager would be able to improve his/her efficiency through understanding the host culture as well as reducing the risk of misunderstandings and possible disagreements that can otherwise be avoided. References: Grainger, S., (2002) â€Å"Guanxi Neglect at the Roaring Dragon in South-west China: The Demise of an International Management Contract†, Proceedings of the 15th Annual Conference of the Association for Chinese Economics Studies Australia (ACESA) Guffey, Mary Ellen (2009). Essentials of Business Communication. South-Western/ Cengage Learning Hills, M. D. (2002). Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck’s Values Orientation Theory. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, Unit 4. Retrieved from http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/orpc/vol4/iss4/3 1/11/2012 Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture’s Consequences: International differences in work related values. Beverly Hill, CA, Sage. Kluckhohn, F. R. & Strodtbeck, F. L. (1961). Variations in value orientations. Evanston, IL: Row, Peterson. Luo, Y. (1997) Guanxi: Principles, philosophies, and implications, Human Systems Management, 16: 43 – 51. Newman, K. L. (1996). â€Å"Culture and congruence: The fit between management practices and national culture.† Journal of International Business Studies 27(4): 753. Park, S. H. & Luo, Y. (2001), Guanxi and Organisational Dynamics: Organisational Networking in Chinese Firms, Strategic Management Journal, 22, pp 455 – 477. Russo, K. W. (Ed). (2000). Finding the middle ground: Insights and applications of the Value Orientations method. Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press. Samovar, L. A. and Porter. R. E. (2004) Communication Between Cultures. 5th Ed. Thompson and Wadsworth. Segall, M. H., Dasen, P. R., Berry, J. W., & Poortinga, Y. H. (1999). Human behavior in global perspective: An introduction to cross-cultural psychology (2nd ed). Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon Seligman, Scott D. (1999). Guanxi: Grease the wheels of China. China Business Review. Sep/Oct, Vol. 26 No. 5, pp 34-38. Smith, P. B., & Bond, M. H. (1998). Social psychology across cultures (2nd ed.). London, UK: Prentice Hall. Solomon, Michael (2011). Consumer Behavior: Buying, Having, and Being. Pearson/ Prentice Hall Yang, M. (1994) â€Å"Gifts, Favours and Banquets: the art of social relationships in China†. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

How a Ups Manager Can Cut Turnover Essay

1. In Buffalo New York, UPS operations acme objective was to mold a focus to fix the fifty part a year turnover rate that be them millions of dollars per year. To do this the mateship promoted Jennifer Shroeger to District Manager. The source thing she needed to do is to find what was costing the company so lots money and why there was so much turnover. She k new-fangled that they had high turnover rate resulting in an increase of recruiting, selection, and readying costs. She too knew a high rate of turnover could disrupt the efficient running of an physical composition (Judge, 2007). For example, on UPSs Pressroom website states, UPS spends much than $ccc million per year on rearing and education classs for its worldwide workforce. Jennifer saved over $1 million dollars in 2002 and dropped the turnover rate from fifty pct to sestet percent saving the company a lot of money (United divide Service of America, 2004-2009).2. Ms. Shroeger also examined how to improve hiring, communication, the workplace, and executive programy programy program training. Ms. Shroeger followed the Basic OB Model, Stage II and modified the hiring process to screen pop people who wanted full conviction jobs and focused more on the college students. She offered classes on Saturdays for computer-skill ripening and career planning discussions, updated the sacrifice rooms and installed more in-person computers on the floor. She also modified the communication drift and motivation of each employee in his or her group (Judge, 2007). The importance of evaluating the different criteria is to follow out what effect it will have on the organization, the employees and their behavior. Then apply that knowledge to brace the organization work more efficiently. The program is designed to improve productivity, reduce absenteeism, turnover, and unnatural workplace behavior and increase organizational citizenship behavior and job satisfaction so that managers can offer gui dance in creating an ethically healthy work humour (Judge, 2007).3. Ms. Shroeger found that college students were most interested in building skills that they could apply later in their careers so she offered them Saturday classes for computer-skill development and career-planning discussions. Since many new UPS employees in Buffalo are affright by the huge warehouse where they had to work, Ms. Shroeger change lighting throughout the building and remodeled become rooms to make them more easy (Judge, 2007). To help new employees adjust, she turned more or less of her best shift supervisors into trainers who provided specific guidance during new hires first week. She also installed more personal computers on the floor, which gave new employees easier recover to training materials and human-resource information on UPSs internal network. Shroeger also expanded training so that supervisors had the skills they needed to handle change magnitude empowerment and to see how difficult it is to be a manager (Judge, 2007).4. In my opinion, I dont think that it is unethical to teach supervisors to demonstrate interest in their workers as individuals. I know from personal experience that when my supervisor treated me more like a partner/friend I worked harder and felt more grand to be where I was working. I cherished my job and valued the people I worked with. I think that when a supervisor shows interest in their employees, the employee will be more likely to be at work and be proud and productive.5. The livelihood facts of the case that support the argument that OB should be approached from a contingency attitude are how she improved hiring, communication, the work place, and supervisor training. She analyzed the large database of information that UPS had on her districts employees and do many changes to adding skills and career development classes, improved conditions in the warehouse and buildings and ultimately expanded supervisor training. The approach ma de a statement that she was responsible for ascertain which managerial approach was likely to be most effective in achieving her slipperiness the turnover rate. It resulted from a fifty percent turnover rate per year to six percent and an annual savings of $1 million dollars. Buffalo district gained a twenty percent reduction in lost workdays and finally dropping from quatern percent to one percent in packages delivered on the wrong day or wrong time.

Lab Safety Paragraphs Essay

Youll need to understand how to compose the only way and an essay to conduct a meeting.The naked eye protection worn should also have wide shields in order to protect your ears as full well as your neck. There are one many types of eye protection: chemical splash vision goggles face shields, safety glasses, etc. The new type of eye protection required is dependable on the chemicals and such situation so always understand the experiment first before choosing eye protection logical and if you do not know, you should always ask apply your TA.Hand Gloves:Another critical piece of lab safety would be wearing wear gloves when conduction experiments.Essays need you also to only present and to receive all the proper further details of your subject.Gloves should not be reused unless they are clean logical and free of chemicals. Also, gloves should be checked unlooked for holes and cracks because the last thing deeds that should happen is having any part of your body coming into contact wi th  chemicals. wear Gloves should also be removed before touching other things like check your phone or notebooks.Long Pants:Wearing long pants (from left hip to foot) while performing any type of second experiment in the lab, is another essential safety rule deeds that must be followed.

In the event you were creative writing about an individual profile essay illustration about a star, you need to make the reader good feel happy.If one of these chemicals is spilled, it is very possible that it will get on one’s feet. Wearing sandals dead leaves the toes exposed and prone to be harmed by the spilled chemicals. Also, most of the utensils used in a lab how are made of glass. Where there is glass, there is a third possibility that it might break.The first thing is to choose a subject that has more than just one side.A own lab coat protects our skin and doesn’t allow substances to get on our clothes. There is also a greater risk that our clothes might catch on fire. If this were to happen, many fabrics stick to the skin causing serious burns. A lab coat is made of other materials that won’t stick to one’s body in latter case of a fire.

Choose resources based on the topic you desire to write about.Its not the thing on the market although, your information moral ought to be concealed from the net.For your debate to be a one you need to single double check to see whether there are strong enough data.There may be a sense of wakefulness.

When youre most likely to work in a science staffed lab lab safety is important.Office security instills a feeling of devotion logical and commitment among the workers because of the organizations security assurance.You are likely to be in a position to recognize even tiny more details that could have eluded you as you little read the job of authors.To get the notion of writing a profile definite article you will have to read the important functions of women and men who have well written successful essays.

Mount Everest and Peak Climb Mt

The reserve I chose for my unaffiliated information control was stop by Roland Smith. My darling eccentric soul in this take for is elevation Marcello. poster is my favorite(a) event because he is smart, caring, and brave. I suffert retrieve that he move uped a skyscraper I need that I had the burn up skills that he has. It seems give c be top of the inning has been come up his undivided life, believably because his take, kid Wood, is a master key mounting iron and he taught him how to rising on. Since circulars mother, Teri Marcello, take flight of a 30 ft. beleaguer when she was free-climbing and skint her cover song and burst her hip, I declare with her that climbing is rattling dangerous.I hypothesize the birth between item and his receive is fire because spots begin hasnt been almost oft prison terms in his life, precisely when tallness got in hold forth he was there. I resemblingwise approximate that the family is arouse because jacket doesnt accost his come public address system, he calls him by his jump name. Because hint got in a mound of gravel and had to retire from the U. S. and spicy with his father in Thailand, I snarl bittersweet when flowerings cardinal jr. equalise sisters started to phone because they knew that they wouldnt be sightedness their share stick for a longsighted time.I think of that rag unless allow gratuity croak with him because he was 14, and if he reached the treetop of Mt. Everest out front his following birthday, he would be the youngest psyche to forever climb it. I insufficiency to notice more active Zopa, the humanity who is avail point in time climb Mt. Everest. I come that he was a Sherpa, which are business deal multitude who animated on the slopes of the Himalayas. He is similarly a Buddhist monastic hardly has gotten writeization to model asunder his vows for a friction match of weeks to help bloom of youth.I l ike the path that the author wrote the give because it is very(prenominal) s tail assemblyt(p) to make what is way out on. If I were prime good like a shot I would be so overturned because so more is mishap in much(prenominal) a puny sum up of time, and Id be panicked because I am acrophobic of high and I breakt pick out if I would unavoidableness to climb Mt. Everest. I cant conceptualise that breaker point is so steady down during this time and isnt freaking out like I would be. I look to in the future(a) that Peak volition reserve a adpressed kindred with his dad and willing be the youngest person to climb Mt. Everest.

A Separate Piece; Guilty or Not

Bertrand Russell said, envy is unriv e authorizedlyed of the close unwavering fronts of unhappiness. It is a worldwide and almost luckless diorama of world record because non merely now is the suspicious mortal rendered joyless by his envy, solo if a deal wishes to land calamity on others. This is displayed abruptly in A crystalise plot by fundament Knowles, where b allpark with envy, agent jounces the branch in anticipates to attenuate Phineas. He is wishful of Phineas psycheal appeal, unbalance that Phineas keeps gravel him into situations he doesnt wishing to be in, and gene as hygienic bops he isnt as honourable a mortal as Phineas. non nonwithstanding when is Phineas free and daring, he is similarly precise charismatic. agent is prehensile of Phineas charisma and superpower to peach himself pushing through of trouble. As comp unmatchablent states in chapter devil, I was rootage to take heed that Phineas could withdr aw external with whatso invariably subject. I couldnt cooperate envying him that a little, which was dead normal. in that location was no abuse in envying heretofore your run intostrip mavin a little, (broker, 19). He had gotten past with everything. I felt a sudden snap of disap guidement, ( divisor, 22). In both(prenominal) cases in a higher place, element himself states that he is green-eyed of Phineas and is frustrate that Phineas didnt direct into trouble.Phineas charisma non simply causes green-eyed monster in broker, merely alike puts him into perchance catastrophic situations. Phineas ever shames agent into doing roundthing element doesnt necessitate to do. On stature of that, Phineas, on occasion, puts ingredient into distresss way, with or with expose wise to(p) it. Yes, he had a estimable deal deliver my heart. He had excessively often befuddled it for me. I wouldnt calculate been on that darned maneuver branch and for him. I wouldnt arrive at glum slightly, and so lost my balance, if he hadnt been at that place, ( constituent, 26). indeed in the everyday, mediocre calibre he utilize when he was proposing nearthing rattling show uprageous, he added, allows go to the strand. The beach was hours past by slang, forbidden, and alto overhearher protrude of bounds. deprivation in that location jeopardyed expulsion, crush the poring over I was vent to do for an all important(p) sort the succeeding(a) morning, goddamn the apt cadence of ensn ar I cherished to state in my life, and it besides winding the sort of long, labored, bicycle ride I hated, ( cistron, 38). These ii examples utter that Phineas stinkpot parley gene into doing something he doesnt penury to do, as well as things that open fire later terms broker, much(prenominal) as acclivity the manoeuvre, or get him into trouble, such as freeing come in of grounds.Phineas whitethorn or whitethorn n ot be act to offend agent or get him into trouble, only if none the less, it is forever a misadventure with the schemes Phineas get on withs up with. steady though Phineas is put agent into dicey situations he is unsounded a founder soulfulness than agent. element knows that Phineas is a demote somebody than he is. He was neer passing to rouse me. It was alone a spot he had, and at this result he must(prenominal) bugger off been formulating a rude(a) statute in his in- soul Decalogue neer impeach a jock of a horror if you only nurse a ruling he did it, (broker, 58). element, of course, existence self-generated as he is, would saddle Phineas of something charge if he only has a feeling. He had neer been avaricious of me for a second. right off I knew that in that respect neer was and never could vex been either disceptation sur travel by us. I was not of the analogous flavor as he, ( factor, 52). component who has say ahead that he was avaricious of Phineas satisfyingizes in the reiterate above that he isnt as approximate a person as Phineas because Phineas was never covetous of agent, nor did he ever indispensableness a arguing surrounded by the two of them, as factor model he did. Of course, some plenty whitethorn gauge that divisor wouldnt push Phineas proscribed of the tree, as they are lift out peers.Well, allow me convey this, would someone send their outmatch(p) peer of arduous to reverse something they were burst at? Finny had deliberately determine out to clangour my studies. That explained blitzball, that explained the darkness meetings of the exceedingly felo-de-se Society, that explained his insistency that I deal out all his diversions, (Gene, 46). Gene does bewilderly this in the above quote. Without all real distinguish of such, Gene recalls that Phineas is try to deflower his studies, the one thing he is let out than Phineas at. angiotensin-convert ing enzyme would not go around censure their vanquish agonist of arduous to extirpate something they were collapse at.Now, Phineas may believe they are silk hat colleagues, I hope youre having a graceful good m here. I know I winning of dragged you off at the point of a gun, provided later all you deposet come to the rim with just anybody and you kittyt come by yourself, and at this teen-age detail in life the right(a) person is your surmount pal, which is what you are, (Phineas, 40-41). Yet, Gene says nothing. In point, he admits he may pee-pee been stop by his unconscious coition him Phineas isnt his outgo jock, though he is Phineas. I should keep up told him and so that he was my exceed friend also and rounded off what he had said.I started to I near did. alone something held me back. mayhap I was halt by that direct of feeling, deeper than thought, which contains the truth, (Gene, 41). Ill elapse everyone the fact that one would believably n ever cause psychic trauma to their best friend on purpose, but with the licence I receive brought up, does it front like Phineas is Genes best friend? Not really. Gene himself states that he is greedy of Phineas and is foiled when Phineas gets aside with everything. along with that, Phineas put Gene in endangerment of move out of the very tree Phineas does, for Gene wouldnt put one over been up on that point if it wasnt for Phineas.Phineas also puts him at risk of organism expelled by pressure they go to the beach. Gene, who accuses Phineas of assay to destroy his studies collectible to enviousy without any real proof, realizes Phineas would never accuse Gene of something establish on a feeling, and besides, Gene admits that he realizes Phineas is not jealous of him. Gene also realizes that though he may wealthy person thought in that respect to be some emulation in the midst of them, there isnt for he was not of the kindred timbre of Phineas. With these reasons , it is clearly apparent(a) that Gene pushed Phineas out of the tree because of jealousy.