Objective 310.2.3-08 Develop an Ethics Program Essay example

Objective 310.2.3-08 I and two other individuals have decided to start a company that will provide management consulting services to nonprofit organizations. The company will have 15 to 20 employees. Since many of our clients will be paying with funds provided by government sources, we have decided it would be appropriate to have an ethics program in place before we start offering services. A company must have an effective ethics program to ensure that all employees understand its values and comply with the policies and codes of conduct that create its ethical culture (Ferrell, Ferrell Fraedrich, 2008, p. 211). In order to develop an effective ethics program, it must contain certain items. It must first have a code of conduct†¦show more content†¦As with other types of codes of conduct, it will contain methods for reporting violations, how discipline is distributed and how it is adjudicated. When developing the code, besides the input of stakeholders, I and my two partners will be directl y involved in forming its content. We will consult our legal counsel to ensure we have avoided any potential legal problems. Six values that have been suggested as being desirable for codes of ethics include: trustworthiness, respect, responsibility, fairness, caring and citizenship (Ferrell, Ferrell Fraedrich, 2008, p. 215). We will use these as a guide when developing our code, as it fits into our desire to have a values orientation for our ethic program. The code will direct all officers and employees while conducting company business to: obey all rules, regulations and laws, conduct themselves with honesty and integrity and to avoid all conflicts of interests with the company business, report to work in condition to work and be free from the influence of alcohol or drugs, respect the rights and deal fairly with all clients, keep honest and accurate records and reports of company information, respect the diversity of all and not engage in discrimination or harassment, preser ve the confidentiality of all company information entrusted to them, maintainShow MoreRelatedDevelop an Ethics Program2151 Words   |  9 PagesObjective 310.2.3-08: Develop an ethics program for a company. Created Company Name: Blue Moose Management Consultants Welcome to our team. We are dedicated to providing our employees a pleasant work atmosphere helps to ensure excellent customer service and protection to our clients through Blue Moose Management Consultants (BMMC) You have been selected from a pool of other candidates because we believe you have the right attitude for success.   In addition, we feel you will add value to our

Cultural Differences and Intercultural Communication...

When examining my own cultural identity it has occurred to me that many of the things that define my own cultural identity are that of Majority groups, however it would seem that I have just as many if not more Minority group identity factors shaping me ever so slightly within the majority boundaries. For example at first look I am a Married male with a predominantly Anglo-Saxon heritage. However upon close inspection one can begin to notice the red hues within my complexion these are subtle hints to a much less dominant cultural history. Many members of one side of my family strongly identify with our Native American heritage; as a result I spent many years as a young man learning that culture. Later in life when I was around 12 or 13 I†¦show more content†¦Cultural Differences and Intercultural Communication Challenges My interviewee I chose was a man I initially met in the workplace and come to find out our kids ended up going to school together. Our relationship had been an interesting one from the start when we first met he decided to share some of his religious identity to me. Our book defines religious identity as a sense of belonging to a religious group (Martin Nakayama, 2011). Oddly enough we were on lunch break at work and I was hungry that day he approached me and commented on how my chicken smelt good. I had noticed over the past week or so he had not eaten lunch at all so I offered him some of my chicken. He politely declined and explained to me that he was practicing Ramadan and that he only at late at night and early before the sun came up. At first being somewhat ignorant of religion I asked why he explained it was something that followers of Islam do. In a business article it is explained that in Dubai visitors are expected to practice in the same fasting ritual or face punishment including fines and jail time (McGinley, 2011). While laws can vary by country there are some exemptions to the fasting requirements and often include conditions such as menstruation, illness, older age, pregnancy, and breast-feeding (El-Zibdeh, 2009). While I know that fasting is common in many Native American cultures to obtain higher levels of spirituality. I do not believe it was commonlyShow MoreRelated The Effect of Cultural Difference on Intercultural Marriage Essay1240 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effect of Cultural Difference on Intercultural Marriage As the world integrates, more and more people are leaving their mother lands to visit, study and work overseas. Young people now have more opportunities to meet prospective partners from other cultures than they had in the past. â€Å"The number of intercultural couples is increasing worldwide.† (Klein, par.3) Many intercultural couples claim that their relationships do not differentiate from monoculture relationships at first. PassionateRead MoreIntercultural Communication Stumbling Blocks By Samovar, Porter, Mcdaniel Roy1267 Words   |  6 PagesIntercultural Communication Introduction According to the articles Intercultural communication stumbling blocks by Barna and Intercultural communication by Samovar, Porter, McDaniel Roy, describe the various challenges that are faced between communications of two individuals who come from different cultures. Notably, challenges that are faced by different people who come from different cultures exist due to the problem of the difference between the cultural norms. For instance, what is acceptableRead MoreDiversity Within The Workplace And How Communication Is The Driving Force Behind It Essay1463 Words   |  6 PagesDiversity in the workplace and how communication is the driving force behind it. Workplace diversity can be described as â€Å"all the differences in age, gender, sexual orientation, education, cultural background, religion, and life experience† (Okora Washington, 2012, as cited in Mulkeen, 2008). Another functional definition of diversity is being cultural, racial, or sex-based. An organizationâ€⠄¢s definition and viewpoint concerning diversity guides the strength of its employees to connect and communicateRead MoreIntercultural Communication : Communication And Communication1676 Words   |  7 PagesJasmin Starr-Mullins COM 440 W Final Term Paper Intercultural Communication The terms Culture,Globalization, and Communication are terms that we might hear quite often, but what is Intercultural communication? According to the dictionary, Intercultural Communication is often described as the interaction and exchange of communication between people of different cultures. Intercultural Communication dates back to the first interaction of mankind. Edward T. Hall, an American anthropologistRead MoreIntercultural Communication And Interpersonal Communication844 Words   |  4 PagesIntercultural communication is defined as when people communicate with one another who have different cultures. They may differ because of their languages, beliefs, values, and behavioral characteristics (Bennett, 1998). The intercultural communication plays a key role in globalization. It will help organizations to have a long-term success if they can manage the cultural differences and intercultural cooperation effectively to conflicts. Increasing shared knowledge and dealing with m iscommunicationRead MoreIntercultural Communication in the Workforce1292 Words   |  6 PagesIntercultural Communication in the Workforce Today’s organizations are doing business more and more in a global context. The people that count in any business from the suppliers to clients to employees are increasingly based in remote locations in foreign countries. The need for effective and clear intercultural communication is becoming vital in securing success in today’s global workplace. Managers of global corporations need to understand the role of intercultural communication competence inRead MoreIntercultural Conflict : Intercultural Conflicts1382 Words   |  6 PagesIntercultural conflicts 1. Identify and describe the types of intercultural conflict, giving examples for each. There are a lot of intercultural conflicts in the workplace which if not succinctly looked into, may cause decreased productivity in an organization and may even lead to the decline of the organization. Avoiding intercultural conflicts enables an organization to improve the relationship between the employees and reduce cases of misunderstanding. Some common forms of misunderstandingRead MoreResponse Paper Intercultural communication986 Words   |  4 Pagesdon’t have a culture†. Until I have read the first chapter of the book Intercultural Communication: Globalization and Social Justice by Kathryn Sorrell, I began to think more deeply about this concept, about my cultural identity and positionality. My view about culture became broaden when I learned about the definition of culture which is a site of shared meaning, of contested meaning, and a resource. To me, intercultural communication is a process of exploring one’s culture among different groups. BecauseRead MoreEssay on intercultural communication1346 Words   |  6 Pagesawareness of intercultural communication is also required.† Do you agree or disagree with his opinion? In a well-structured essay explain your ideas using clear examples to support your ideas. Distance and time are no longer the biggest obstacles to doing business, as result of human innovation and technological progress. And with the development of communications and wide-spread cooperation all over world, more and more companies are exploring the international market. (Johnson 2012) Intercultural communicationRead More(Re)Building A Global Team: Tariq Khan At Tek. The Ability1406 Words   |  6 Pagescelebrating differences involves a complex process that can be an opportunity for reflection and self discovery. At Tek, Tariq Khan may have that opportunity. Currently, the company is facing diverse challenges. Besides employee satisfaction declining, insensitivity towards social and cultural practices are the norm. Additionally, working across boundaries is exhausting and the situation has gotten critical. This paper examines diverse challenges Tek is facing, complex concepts based on intercultural communication

Enrollment forecasting methodology Free Essays

Virtually, forecasting plays everywhere a major role in human life, especially in making future decisions such as weather forecasting, university enrollment, production, sales and finance, etc. Based on these forecasting results, we can prevent damages to occur or get benefits from the forecasting activities. Up to now, many qualitative and quantitative forecasting models were proposed. We will write a custom essay sample on Enrollment forecasting methodology or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, these models are unable to deal with problems in which historical data take form of linguistic constructs instead of numerical values. In recent years, many methods have been proposed to deal with forecasting problems using fuzzy time series. In this paper, we present a new method to predict the calendar day for average Arabian Gulf Oil Company using fuzzy time series approach based on average lengths of intervals. A visual-based programming is used in the implementation of the proposed model. Results obtained demonstrate that the proposed forecasting model can forecast the data effectively and efficiently Keywords: Fuzzy time series, Forecasting, Fuzzy sets, Average-based lengthl . Forecasting the size of any phenomenon in future is important and helpful for understanding behavior of phenomenon along time. It is impossible to make future plans to face the phenomenon without defining its future dimensions and identifying shape and modes of complicated process, especially when it is related to future forecasting. Making decisions depends completely on accuracy of forecasting. It is evident that forecasting plays major role in our daily life. The accurate and the most efficient forecasting may support making correct decisions to raise accuracy of our expectations up to 100%. This may be impossible, yet we try to reduce forecasting errors. In order to solve forecasting problems, many researchers proposed several methods and different models. One of these models is traditional time series analysis, uni-variant and multi-variant. However, traditional time series has wide applications, but it must satisfy proper conditions to be successful. For example, 50 up to 100 bservations at least are needed to achieve Autoregressive and Integrated Moving Average Models (ARIMA) and average zero is needed to achieve autoregressive. Traditional time series has been applied in many fields such as pollution monitoring, blood pressure estimation, etc. This problem has been studied widely in statistics areas and neural networks. However, in practical life, there are regression models in which the uncertainty accompanied to the model is because of vagueness, not because of neither randomness nor both of them. In these models, probability theory cannot be pplied and fuzzy sets theory is applied, where variables are foggy i. e. declarative variables are not fixed and scaling of these variables is not expressed by a point, but by an interval or linguistic variables [1, 3]. 2. FUZZY LOGIC Fuzzy logic [1 1], is a form of logic which has used in some expert systems and artificial intelligence applications. It was first proposed in 1965 by the Iranian scientist Lutfi Zadeh, at University of California, where he developed it as a better method of data processing. However, his theory didn’t find a wide interest until 1974, where fuzzy logic was used to control a steam engine. Since then, applications of fuzzy logic kept developing until the manufacturing of fuzzy logic chip which have been used in many products such this science. There are many reasons for scientists to improve fuzzy logic. For example, development of computers and software founded the need to invent or program systems that are capable of dealing with ambiguous information to mimic human thinking. However, this created a problem since computers can only deal with exact and accurate data. This problem caused occurrence of expert systems and artificial intelligence. Fuzzy logic is a theory for building such systems. Fuzzy set theory has many useful achievements in different fields and it aims at approximation of professional knowledge that contains vagueness in human thinking. Figure 1 illustrates the difference between traditional and fuzzy set theories. Fuzzy logic simply reflects how do people think and try to represent our feelings by words, decisions making and our common sense. So, fuzzy logic models are being increasingly used in time series analysis, where they are important for dealing with linguistic values and other models in order to yield better forecasting results. Time Series is defined as a sequence of events easured in successive times at definite intervals. It was widely used in economic systems such as stock index and interest. Also, it was used in metrology, especially in wind speed, temperature, pressure, Figure 1: Traditional and fuzzy sets 3. FUZZY TIME SERIES Fuzzy time series is another concept to solve forecasting problems in which the historical data are linguistic values. Fuzzy time series based on Zadeh’s works [1 1], Song and Chissom [7], first proposed a forecasting model called Fuzzy Time Series, which provided a theoretic framework to model a special dynamic process hose observations are linguistic values. The main difference between the traditional time series and fuzzy time series is that the observed values of the former are real numbers while the observed values of the latter are fuzzy sets or linguistic values. In the following, some basic concepts of fuzzy time series are briefly reviewed Definition 1: Let U ,u2 un } be a universe of discourse (universal set); a fuzzy set A of U is defined fA (u ) / u fA (u ) / un ,where fA is a membership function of a given set A , fA [0,1]. Definition 2 If there exists a fuzzy relationship R(t – 1, t), such that F(t) =F(t ), where is an arithmetic operator, then F(t) is said to be caused by F(t – 1). The relationship between F(t) and – 1) can be denoted by – 1) Definition 3 Suppose F(t) is calculated by F(t – 1) only, and – 1) R(t,t-l). For any t, if R(t – 1, t) is independent of t, then F(t) is considered a timeinvariant fuzzy time series. Otherwise, F(t) is timevariant. Definition 4 Suppose – 1) and F(t)= A], a fuzzy logical relationship can be defined as Ai AJ where Ai and AJ are called the left-hand side and the right-hand side of the fuzzy logical relationship, respectively. 4. REVIEW OF RELATED WORKS Many studies have interested in fuzzy time series and have been applied in various fields including university enrollment. Fuzzy time series had proved its efficiency in forecasting as a good new method for predicting linguistic values. Song and Chisson [9, 10] first introduced the method of fuzzy time series, humidity and rainfall. In addition, time series was used in geophysical records including indexed measurements, times of earthquake, radiological activities, industrial production, rates of idleness, etc. therefore, they are considered as founders of fuzzy time series science. Also, in 1994, they introduced a eries. Chen [1] presented a new method for forecasting university enrollment using fuzzy time series historical data enrollments of the university of Alabama from 1971 to 1992, the proposed method is more efficient than the proposed method by Song and Chissom, due to the fact that the proposed method uses simplified arithmetic operation rather than the complicated MaxMin composition operation. Hwang [8] proposed a new method on fuzzification to revise Song and Chissom’s method. He used a different triangle fuzzification method to Fuzzify crisp values. His method involved determining an interval of xtension from both sides of crisp value in triangle membership function to get a variant degree of membership. The result got a better average forecasting error, in addition, the influences of factors and variables in a fuzzy time series model such as definition area, number and length of intervals and the interval of extension in triangle membership function were discussed in details Step 2: Define the universe of discourse U. Find the maximum Dmax and the minimum Dmin among all Dh. For easy partitioning of U, choose two small numbers Dl and D2 as two proper positive numbers. The purpose of Dl and D2 is to make the lower and upper bounds of U become multiple of hundreds, thousands, etc. The universe of discourse U is then defined by: U = Dt-ntn -Dl , Drnax+D2 Step 3: Determine the appropriate length of interval L. Here, the average-based length method (Huarng, 2001 b) can be applied to determine the appropriate L. The length of interval L is computed according to the Table 1: Base mapping table Range Base 0. 1-1. 0 0. 1 1. -10 11-100 10 101-1000 a) Calculate all the absolute differences between the values Dh-l and Dh as the first differences, and then compute the average of the first differences. b) Take one-half of the average as the length. c) Find the located range of the length and determine the base from Table 1 d) According to the assigned base, round the length as the appropriate L. Then the number of intervals m, is computed by: D max+D2-D Then U can be partitioned into equal-length intervals Assume that the m intervals are Step4: Define fuzzy sets from the universe of discourse: f(un)(3) Ai=A11+A22+†¦.. +Ai l Then fuzzify the time series. First determine some linguistic values A1, A2, †¦ , An. Second, defined fuzzy sets on U. The fuzzy sets Ai are expressed as follows: 10. 500 0. 510 . 50 00. 51 0. 5 Step 5: fuzzify the historical data. If the value of Dh is located in the range of ui, then it belongs to fuzzy sets A’. All Dh must be classified into the corresponding fuzzy sets. However, fuzzify the historical data and give fuzzy set to each year’s historical data. If the historical data belongs to Ai at year t, the historical data of that year can be written by A’. But usually one historical data to ifferent A1, the need to find out maximum degree of each year’s historical data belonging to each A1. Step 6: Establish fuzzy logical relationships (FLRs) for all fuzzified data, derive the fuzzy logical relationships based on Definition (3). The fuzzy logical relationship which have the same left-hand sides is like Ai Ak, which denotes that if the Dh-lvalue of time t-1 is AJ then that of time t is Ak Table 2: Fuzzy relationship Ak Ar A1 Am 0. 5 um -2 um -1 um Where ui n) is the element and the number below ‘/’is the membership of ui to Then follow the rules for determining the degree of the membership of the istorical data Yi belonging to interval u’. The general triangular membership function is expressed as below: Step 7: establish the fuzzy logic relationship groups (FLRG). The derived fuzzy logical relationships can be arranged into fuzzy logical relationship groups based on the same fuzzy numbers on the left-hand sides of the fuzzy logical relationships. The fuzzy logical relationship groups are like the following: AJI Step 8: The forecasting of the historical data is based on heuristic rules proposed by chen (1996) and outlined as follows. How to cite Enrollment forecasting methodology, Papers

Production and operation management of Nestle Company

Introduction Nestle is a nutrition company that aims at enhancing better and quality livelihoods to people. It has varied products that mainly help in improving healthy lifestyle of the people.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Production and operation management of Nestle Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Over the years, the company has used its resources and technology to find sustainable solutions to socio-economic needs of its customers. Some of these needs include poverty eradication, better sanitation and food security. This gives the company a competitive advantage over many other companies1. Apart from corporate social responsibility, the company created Nestle nutrition, a business strategy meant to focus on the core nutrition business. Therefore, strengthening the leadership in this market is crucial for their success. This market is the primary motivation for the purchase of its product based on the nutritional value. Nestle nutrition is autonomous global business unit that is meant to increase the competitive edge of the company. The unit is charged with the profit and loss responsibility in its utmost domains, which include Infant Nutrition, Healthcare Nutrition, and Performance nutrition. The latter is aimed at delivering superior business performance to consumers by offering science based nutritional products and services2.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To enhance its competitive advantage, the company has Corporate Wellness Unit, which focuses on integrating nutritional value to food and beverage products. It encompasses communication effort, which brings the necessary expertise in consumer benefits. Nestle products and services Nutrition has been the cornerstone of Nestle Company since its inception in the year 1867. Therefore, most products and services pr ovided by the company revolve around nutritional needs. The company strives at providing quality products and services which will help in promoting a better and healthy wellbeing of its consumers. Nestle has gained a world reputation for its consistency in providing quality and safety products. Many of the products generated by Nestle Company are beneficial based on the nutritional aspects. They include breakfast cereals, milk and other dairy products as well as bottled water which has diverse accrued advantages3. Many of these products dominate in both local and global markets. The company has ventured in chocolate and confectionery industry. Some of these products have been in existence for over a century. For example, S. Pellegrino and Nestle Moca are known in Italy and Brazil for many years. The most revered world brands include Nescafe, Nestea, Maggi, Buitoni, Purina and Nestle. Other brands, such as Milo and Nespresso, sell in many countries. Nestle takes a holistic approach i n providing nutrition to the people. This entails devising of wellness programs that facilitate the people to make their living healthy.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Production and operation management of Nestle Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The services include baby’s development, Sports Nutrition and Weight management. No doubt, Nestle brand portfolio practically covers all food and beverages categories. Design and quality control strategies The running of the company’s business is governed by two fundamental documents, Nestle Corporate Business Principles and Nestle Management and Leadership Principles. The two provide the code of ethics that governs the policies and strategies of the company. They outlay the tone and style of approach to the running of the business. The company’s business strategy is to produce and market its products in a way that creates sustainable valu e to all stakeholders including the employees, consumers and business consortium in the areas that the company operates. The company does not favor short-term profits over long-term business orientation. The company recognizes that consumers have a legitimate interest in the behavior and the success of the company’s business, hence it embraces cultural and social diversity. The company is not discriminatory in management of the business on the basis of nationality, religion, race or age. The company does not involve in political issues. The rich cultural diversity helps in building innovative ideas for generating products which would meet the needs of the society.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The company has not been left behind in environmental conservation. It has invested heavily in conservation of the environment. In a bid to save the environment, the company has endeavored in recycling of waste materials and packaging. Nestle pioneered the Kyoto Protocol, an agreement to control carbon dioxide emissions in combating global warming4. The company was the first to produce biodegradable containers as an alternative to plastics for packing their food products. Nestle competitive advantage Nestle is a global organization, and its international strategy should be the heart of its competitive domain. The competitive strategy of the company mainly focuses on foreign investment in dairy and other food businesses. When operating in a more developed environment, Nestle strives to attain the economies of scale via foreign direct investment5. In a developing environment, Nestle Company goes the local way by utilizing the local raw materials and employing the appropriate brand. Ne stle Company strikes strategic partnership with other large companies. For example, the company entered an alliance with Coca Cola Company to produce ready-to-drink beverages, such as tea and coffee6. This was in a bid to utilize the established bottling system and necessary expertise in beverage preparation. The Company has employed the strategy of acquiring the local companies to form an established autonomous regional manager who is aware of the local markets dynamics7. Nestle company has left a significant mark in food and nutrition sector, hence becoming very competitive in the scope of business8. Bibliography Franzen, G. Moriarty, S. The Science and Art of Branding. New York: M.E. Sharpe, 2008. Kapferer, J.N. The New Strategic Brand Management: Creating and Sustaining Brand Equity Long Term 4th. London, UK: Kogan Page, 2008. Nestlà © LC1. ‘Nestle’s Competetive Strategy‘. Castelar Articles, 2005. Web. Footnotes 1. Franzen, Giep Moriarty, Sandra.The Science and Art of Branding. New York: M.E. Sharpe, 2008. 2. Nestlà © LC1. ‘Nestle’s Competetive Strategy’. Castelar Articles, 2005. 33. J.N. Kapferer. The New Strategic Brand Management: Creating and Sustaining Brand Equity Long Term 4th. London, UK: Kogan Page, 2008. 44. J.N. Kapferer. The New Strategic Brand Management: Creating and Sustaining Brand Equity Long Term 4th. London, UK: Kogan Page, 2008. 5. Nestlà © LC1. ‘Nestle’s Competetive Strategy’. Castelar Articles, 2005. 6. Ibid. 7. Ibid. 8. G. Franzen S. Moriarty. The Science and Art of Branding. New York: M.E. Sharpe, 2008. This report on Production and operation management of Nestle Company was written and submitted by user Tristin Mcintyre to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Essay on Turn up

Essay on Turn up Essay on Turn up When I turn up I do it for the team! Sometimes I want to do it for myself, but analytically that may not be possible. The pleasure aroused from my team is enough to make me a happy camper. Camping is pretty fun too I must say. Turning up is fun too. Anyone ever tried Bacardi black razz? That's my turn up sauce for when I turn up. Denmark was found to be the happiest country in 2012, but The Melancholy Dane never got the memo. Don't let poor Hamlet spend another cold winter moping, cuddling mouldering skulls, and spouting soliloquies by himself. All you need to cheer him up is a printer,cardstock, some scissors and tape!"Cheer Up, Hamlet!" is a paperdoll available for free, for nerds and geeks and Shakespeare fans alike. Several sayings come to mind as I take the edge off and self-medicate with a glass of Cabernet. One is the oft-repeated truth that â€Å"life is change†. You don’t have to live long to know the truth of that one. One day you’re a carefree college student worried only about where the weekend party will be, and the next day you’re fretting over making the mortgage payment and having that conference with your child’s teacher, because he was fighting another child on the playground. Then eventually there comes the day where those memories will be cherished, as those children go out on their own and you realize you’re not needed nearly as much by them. As you deal with the empty nest they’ve left behind, you begin to settle into the senior years. Then

Reading test for six-year-olds to include made-up words - Emphasis

Reading test for six-year-olds to include made-up words Reading test for six-year-olds to include made-up words The latest plan to boost childrens literacy levels involves a reading test for six-year-olds, which includes made-up words like mip, fack, zort, koob and glimp. The Government scheme is intended to provide a light touch phonics-based check, to either reassure parents of their childs ability, or to identify the pupils falling behind. It would entail reading back a list of both real and made-up words, to ensure that none was just recited by rote. Some of the words may be nonsensical, but the idea may not be quite as crazy as it sounds. Teaching with phonics where words are deduced by recognising the sounds associated with letters or groups of letters has been shown to help with individual word identification and spelling. Nick Gibb, Minister of State for Schools, quotes academic research from Australia and the US that points to synthetic phonics being the most effective method for teaching literacy for all children, especially those aged five to seven. And one can hardly fault the Government on their stated goals. Too many children leave primary school unable to read and write properly, says Gibb. We are determined to raise standards and the new phonics-based reading check for six-year-olds will ensure that children who need extra help are given it before it is too late. But it is the prospect of a test based solely on phonics that is causing consternation among education and literacy experts in the UK. Many think it is more likely to actually put kids off reading, by isolating the act from its own rewards: understanding and enjoyment. The test is trying to control all the different variables so that things like meaning dont get in the way, says president of the UK Literacy Association (UKLA), David Reedy. We think this seems a bit bonkers when the whole purpose of reading is to understand words. And children cannot learn through phonics alone: There is the context, the sentence itself, and whether they have that word in their spoken lexicon, Reedy points out. Professor Greg Brooks, from the University of Sheffield, has also questioned the term light-touch, saying the exam will inevitably become high-stakes, with all the educational deformations that are known to attend high-stakes tests, including teaching to the test and needless anxiety for children. And, if the UKLA are to be believed, it would be needless. They assert that the results wouldnt be a good indicator of how well pupils would read connected text, or pick up meaning. Perhaps the theory is sound enough, but the test itself is just a case of too much, too early. Most children at that age are not ready to learn phonics, never mind be tested on them, says Professor Janet Moyles, an early years and play consultant from Anglia Ruskin University. Children do not have formal teaching of reading in Scandinavian countries, for example, until they are six to seven years of age and do much better than our children in formal testing later.

Competing Value Framework Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Competing Value Framework - Research Paper Example Similarly, other tools like Managerial Behavioral Instrument and Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument gives a concrete path to analyze the organization’s position and defines where it should have to be, and assists in rearranging the business from entire the culture of the organization to individual level (Yu & Wu, 2009). Discussion Confucius defined his techniques which are also known as The Great Learning regarding development of great nation is that one must focus and incline toward his state; to build the a great nation; you need to incline towards your family initially, and to develop a great family; first you need to nurture yourself; for nurturing oneself; one needs to dictate towards learning (Blocker & Starling, 2001). These techniques were written in 5th century B.C. for aspiring leaders and it is accepted until today and accredited. Therefore, if someone wants its organization to compete effectively globally, then the relevant and appropriate culture for the organization is needed to execute effective strategies. Therefore, we need to consider ourselves before entering into this type of transformation effectively. It is a fact that the Competing Values Framework is an essential and effective tool to use which assists in determining culture not only at the individual level but also at an organizational level. It also assists in developing the path for change in organizational culture that is important for strategies going to be implemented (Cameron, 2006). Common models of leadership have divided this popular area of leadership among different comparing categories. There are various examples regarding the comparison of leadership from the literature of leadership, for instance, task theory versus socio-emotional; Theory X versus Theory Y; transactional leadership versus transformational leadership; and participative leadership versus autocratic leadership (Van & Suino, 2012). It is also found that these theories cannot be used in larger comparison and there is no other such work that compares large mixtures to examine or analyze towards defining the required leaders' behavior and to what extent it is required in leaders (Hart & Quinn, 1993). It is also to mention here that these traditional models just make us think over such leadership and it shows limits of these models which further leads to inefficiency in defining the leadership effectively (Bensimon et al., 1989). However, Robert Quinn was among those who were in an argument of saying that leadership effectiveness needs simultaneous and balancing mastery of likely paradoxical or contradictory abilities; reflectiveness and decisiveness; incremental adjustments and bold moves; and people orientation as well as performance (Hart & Quinn, 1993). It is to mention here that Quinn’s model is based on CVF for analysis of organizations. Initially, it was developed from a research that was conducted for identifying the factors of effective organizations. Quinn and Rohrbaugh in 1983 identified two main dimensions essential for the effectiveness of organization based on their statistical outcomes. The first dimension refers to a focus on the organization, from focusing internally on the individual’s development and well-being in the organization towards an external or outside focus on organization’s development and well-being.